Application Errors is an important part of building production-ready single-spa systems. This lesson explains what application errors means, how it works, and how to apply it with practical examples you can reuse.
Application Errors Overview
At its core, application errors is about doing one thing well inside your single-spa project. Once you understand the pattern, you can apply it consistently across features and teams.
Good application errors pays off across the whole codebase: fewer surprises, easier testing, and smoother onboarding. The snippet below is a solid starting point.
Start from a minimal Application Errors example and grow it only as needed.
Keep configuration explicit so Application Errors behaves the same in every environment.
Name things clearly so teammates understand your Application Errors at a glance.
Add tests around Application Errors early to lock in expected behaviour.
Single-SPA Cheatsheet
Core single-spa APIs related to application errors.
API
Example
Purpose
registerApplication
registerApplication({ name, app, activeWhen })
Register a micro frontend
activeWhen
activeWhen: ['/checkout']
Route ownership
start
start()
Begin routing
bootstrap
export async function bootstrap()
One-time setup
mount
export async function mount(props)
Render the app
unmount
export async function unmount(props)
Clean up the app
import map
systemjs-importmap
Locate app bundles
How Application Errors Works in Single-SPA
Application Errors is part of how single-spa lets multiple applications — even in different frameworks — coexist on one page. A root config registers each app and controls when it is active.
single-spa orchestrates multiple framework apps on one page through a root config.
A root config registers apps and calls start().
Each app exports bootstrap, mount, and unmount lifecycles.
activeWhen decides which routes each app owns.
Import maps resolve each app's bundle at runtime.
Practical Guidance for Application Errors
For reliable micro frontends, application errors should isolate failures and keep shared state minimal. Let each team own its app end to end while agreeing on a few shared contracts.
Concern
Recommendation
Isolation
One app's crash should not break others
Shared state
Prefer shared utility modules over globals
Routing
Keep activeWhen rules explicit and non-overlapping
Deployment
Release via import-map updates per app
Common Mistakes
Copying application errors snippets without understanding what each line does.
Skipping error handling and edge cases when wiring up application errors.
Leaving application errors untested, so regressions slip into production.
Over-engineering application errors before you actually need the extra flexibility.
Key Takeaways
Application Errors is a core part of working effectively with single-spa.
Start small and keep application errors focused on a single responsibility.
Apply consistent patterns so application errors scales across your project.
Test and document application errors to keep it maintainable over time.
Pro Tip
Bookmark this application errors pattern and reuse it. Consistency across your single-spa codebase is worth more than clever one-off solutions.
You now understand application errors in single-spa and how to apply it in real projects. Next, continue with Fallback UI to keep building your skills.