DynamoDB Pagination

Pagination sits at the heart of pagination in DynamoDB. This guide walks through the concept step by step, with examples, a cheatsheet, and common mistakes to avoid.

Pagination Overview

Pagination lets you structure DynamoDB work so it stays readable, testable, and easy to scale. Instead of ad-hoc code, you follow a clear pattern that other developers can recognise immediately.

The key is to keep pagination focused and predictable. Start from the minimal example here, then layer in only the complexity your feature actually needs.

import { DynamoDBClient } from '@aws-sdk/client-dynamodb';
import { DynamoDBDocumentClient, QueryCommand } from '@aws-sdk/lib-dynamodb';

const client = new DynamoDBClient({});
const docClient = DynamoDBDocumentClient.from(client);

const { Items } = await docClient.send(new QueryCommand({
  TableName: 'Orders',
  KeyConditionExpression: 'pk = :pk AND begins_with(sk, :prefix)',
  ExpressionAttributeValues: { ':pk': 'USER#42', ':prefix': 'ORDER#' },
  Limit: 25,
}));

QueryCommand reads a partition efficiently using key conditions; add IndexName for a GSI.

Pagination Example

import { DynamoDBClient } from '@aws-sdk/client-dynamodb';
import { DynamoDBDocumentClient } from '@aws-sdk/lib-dynamodb';

const docClient = DynamoDBDocumentClient.from(new DynamoDBClient({}));
// docClient.send(new PutCommand(...)) etc.

Start from a minimal Pagination example and grow it only as needed.
Keep configuration explicit so Pagination behaves the same in every environment.
Name things clearly so teammates understand your Pagination at a glance.
Add tests around Pagination early to lock in expected behaviour.

Amazon DynamoDB Cheatsheet

Handy DynamoDB (AWS SDK v3) reference related to pagination.

Operation	Command	Purpose
Create/replace	`PutCommand`	Write an item
Read one	`GetCommand`	Fetch by primary key
Update	`UpdateCommand`	Modify attributes
Delete	`DeleteCommand`	Remove an item
Query	`QueryCommand`	Efficient key-based read
Scan	`ScanCommand`	Full-table read (avoid)
Transaction	`TransactWriteCommand`	Atomic multi-item writes

How Pagination Works in DynamoDB

Pagination builds on DynamoDB's key-value and document model, where every item lives in a partition chosen by its partition key and is optionally ordered by a sort key.

QueryCommand reads a partition efficiently using key conditions; add IndexName for a GSI.

Design access patterns first, then model keys around them.
Prefer Query over Scan for predictable performance.
Use expressions to read and write only what you need.
Keep items small and avoid hot partitions.

Practical Guidance for Pagination

In production, pagination should be cost-aware and resilient. Right-size capacity, handle throttling with retries, and lean on indexes to support your query patterns.

Concern	Recommendation
Performance	Query by key; avoid table scans
Cost	Use on-demand or right-sized provisioned capacity
Modeling	Design for known access patterns
Reliability	Retry throttled requests with backoff

Common Mistakes

Skipping error handling and edge cases when wiring up pagination.
Leaving pagination untested, so regressions slip into production.
Over-engineering pagination before you actually need the extra flexibility.
Ignoring documentation, which makes pagination hard for the next developer to change.

Key Takeaways

Pagination is a core part of working effectively with DynamoDB.
Start small and keep pagination focused on a single responsibility.
Apply consistent patterns so pagination scales across your project.
Test and document pagination to keep it maintainable over time.

Pro Tip

When you get stuck on pagination, reduce it to the smallest reproducible example first — most DynamoDB issues become obvious once the noise is gone.